The fire method refines the sputum , and the dusty furnace gas is cleaned and purified by the dry method to produce soot. The soot is smelted with soot and arsenic and bismuth refining soot. The amount of smelting soot is about 5-10% of the amount of smelting furnace, while the amount of refining soot is determined by the amount of arsenic in the rough. The two soot components are listed in Table 1.
Table 1 Soot composition (%)
First, the treatment of smelting smoke
(1) Return the ingredients. Return the soot produced in the furnace to the ingredients in the furnace. The advantage of this method is that it can make full use of the existing equipment and manpower, and it can recover the cockroaches in the soot without adding additional equipment and investment for treating soot. The disadvantage is that in the smelting, arsenic and antimony form a closed loop, making it rough. Arsenic and antimony content increase; at the same time, yellow slag is easily generated in the furnace to form a furnace knot, which deteriorates the furnace condition, the operation site is contaminated by arsenic, and the working conditions are poor.
(2) The soot is treated separately. The smoke with the reduction of about 5% of the pulverized coal, into the smelting reduction furnace reflection, slag and outputs dilute Pb-Bi alloy.
The melting temperature is about 1100 ° C, and the furnace is 8 to 16 hours.
Pb-Bi alloy composition (%); Bi 40 ~ 45%; Pb 40 ~ 45%; Sh3 ~ 7%; As1 ~ 5%.
Due to the small dust density, small particle size and no granulation, about one-third of the reduction smelting is carried away by the furnace gas, which makes the amount of smoke return large, and the fuel consumption is large due to the low ash content. low.
Second, refining the treatment of arsenic and smouldering
The refined soot is high in arsenic and antimony and can be used as a raw material for the production of As 2 O 3 and Sb 2 O 3 .
Depending on the vapor pressure of As 2 O 3 and Sb 2 O 3 , the temperature can be controlled to separate the two. Table 2 lists the vapor pressures of As 2 O 3 and Sb 2 O 3 .
Table 2 Vapor pressure of As 2 O 3 and Sb 2 O 3
(1) Production of arsenic trioxide
1. Process flow. Figure 1.
Figure 1 Process for producing As 2 O 3
2. Main technical conditions. The ratio is: pulverized coal 3 to 5%, moisture 5 to 10%, soot 100%; pressed into φ 20 to 30 mm pellets, drying temperature 100 to 120 ° C; calcination temperature is about 450 ° C; roasting time 8 to 10 hours.
3. Main equipment. One press ball machine, the speed is 70 rpm; one drying oven, one roaster and one dust collector.
4. Product use. Arsenic trioxide is used in the glass, leather, enamel, pigment, pesticide, pharmaceutical and defense industries.
5. Product quality (%). As 2 O 3 95-98, H 2 O 0.5-1.0; whiteness: 50-60 degrees; fineness: 98% passed 60 mesh.
(2) Production of As-Sb Taijin
1. Process flow. As shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2 Process for producing As-Sb alloy
2. Main technical conditions. When the ingredients are mixed, charcoal powder is added as a reducing agent in the soot, and the amount of the reducing agent is 5-10%, and the mixture is well mixed. Distillation using a distillation column, the lower part of crucible cast with iron loading, the column has a central sieve, filled charcoal layer, the lower the temperature controlled at 700 deg.] C, arsenic, antimony reduction evaporated. The middle temperature is controlled at about 800 ° C to make the charcoal layer red hot. Volatile arsenic, antimony vapor and a small amount of As 2 O 3 and Sb 2 O 3 are completely reduced by the hot carbon layer. A condensing plate is placed in the upper portion of the distillation column, and the arsenic and volatilized vapors are condensed on the plate into a bulk As-Sb alloy.
3. Product use. Used to prepare the battery grid. Arsenic-antimony alloy with lead added to the molten lead leather wrapped in the lead up to 0.5% arsenic, antimony-containing about 0.07%.
4. Product quality. (As + Sb) > 99%, which contains 80 to 95% of arsenic. The product is loose and massive crystal with a metallic luster.
(3) Production of antimony trioxide
1. Process flow. As shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3 Process for the production of antimony trioxide
2. Main technical conditions. The reduction smelting ratio is: slag: soda ash: coal powder = 100: (5 ~ 15): (5 ~ 10); melting temperature is 1000 ~ 1100 ° C. Alkaline refining is mainly used for arsenic removal, to less than 0.1% arsenic; refining temperature 800 ~ 850 ° C, consumption of soda ash 5 ~ 10%, divided into several parts; consumption of sodium nitrate 1-2%, divided into several parts. Ash blowing is mainly used for lead removal, to lead containing less than 0.1%, and ash blowing temperature of 550 to 600 °C.
3. Main equipment. One reverberatory furnace (1 m 2 of molten pool); one set of bag dust collector (steel component, filter area 1.5 m 2 ); one jaw crusher ; one suction filter wrapper.
4. Product use. Used as various resins, canvas, paper, coatings on the fire, petrochemical, synthetic catalyst, mordant, opacifiers, and antimony salts and synthetic manufacturing a white enamel, glass materials.
5. Product quality. Sb 2 O 3 >98%, As <0.05%.
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