Examples of flotation reagent systems for barium sulfide, arsenic, antimony and mercury

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    1 antimony sulfide
The main antimony sulfide minerals stibnite Sb 2 S 3, containing Sb71.4%, antimony sulfide minerals are secondary Jamesonite lead ore 2PbS · Sb 2 S 3, Ag sulfur antimony ore 3Ag 2 S · Sb 2 S 3 and wheel mine 2PbS·Cu 2 S·Sb 2 S 3 and the like.
Such as Pb 2+, Cu 2+ activated when xanthate collector stibnite, it is necessary with a heavy metal ion. PH range of copper sulfate activation stibnite from 4 to 7.4. Stibnite not activated, neutral oil can be used as collector, wherein the shale and tar peat processed product is effective.
Cyanide inhibits stibnite. According to research, the stibnite activated by Pb 2+ can be inhibited by K 2 Cr 2 O 7 under the condition that a large amount of Pb 2+ must be present in the slurry to form an insoluble surface after adsorbing Pb 2+ on the surface of the stibnite. Compound. According to this theory, the separation of stibnite and cinnabar was successfully achieved. First, using lead nitrate as an activator, the mercury hydrazine mixed flotation is carried out. When the mixed concentrate is separated, K 2 Cr 2 O 7 is added to suppress the stibnite.
For example, a kind of antimony ore is a layered deposit of low temperature hydrothermal filling. The antimony mineral is mainly stibnite, and there is also a small amount of cerium oxide mineral. The gangue has quartz , calcite , kaolin , gypsum and barite .
The factory adopts the heavy medium-flotation combined process. After the ore is sorted by heavy medium, 50% of waste rock can be discarded. The grade is increased from Sb3.67% to 7.1%, and the recovery rate is 97%.
After the heavy medium treatment, the ore is ground to 55%~60%-0.074mm, and lead nitrate (155g/t) is added to activate the stibnite. The collector is used with butyl yellow medicine (384g/t) and shale oil (482g/ t), using a pine oil (130 g / t) as a foaming agent. The antimony concentrate obtained by flotation contains 55% Sb and the recovery rate is 93.5%.
    2 arsenic sulfide
The industrially valuable arsenic-containing mineral is the poisonous sand FeAsS, containing As46%, followed by the realgar AsS and the orpiment As 2 S 3 . In arsenopyrite sulphide ores, is a widely distributed mineral, arsenic mixed with other non-ferrous mineral concentrates become harmful impurities, such as lead smelting, hydrometallurgical zinc, pyrite acid, etc., are harmful arsenic. Therefore, in the sorting of polymetallic ores, the fate of arsenic-containing minerals should be controlled.
Asbestos, like other sulfide minerals, is easily floated by thio compound collectors. In alkaline media, it is inhibited by cyanide. Copper sulfate activates arsenopyrite in a lime medium.
After the realgar is activated by heavy metal ions, it can be floated with xanthate. Neutral oil can float unactivated realgar. Dextrin is an inhibitor of realgar.
The floatability of the orpiment is worse than that of the arsenopyrite and the realgar. For example, the amount of the ephedra is 100~750g/t, and the recovery rate cannot be guaranteed to exceed 45%. When using xanthate, copper sulphate is the activator. The dosage is about 500g/t. If the dosage is too much or too little, the result will be deteriorated. Shale tar has a strong catching effect on the female yellow, and the dosage is about 500g/t.
The toxic sand is similar to the floatability of pyrite. Therefore, the separation of arsenopyrite and pyrite is a major problem in the flotation of arsenic sulfide ore. Based on their differences in oxidation rates, their separation schemes were developed and used in industrial production. And oxygen in the oxidant (such as potassium permanganate, bleach, etc.) effect, is oxidized arsenopyrite, pyrite and still float, suitable PH about 6.7.
The addition of ammonium salts (such as ammonium chloride) to the lime medium can successfully separate the mixed concentrate of arsenopyrite and pyrite. The ammonium salt has a protective effect on pyrite, and the arsenopyrite is not floated by the inhibition of lime.
    3 bismuth sulfide ore
The main mineral of bismuth is bismuth ore Bi 2 S 3 with 81.2% Bi. Barium sulphide and natural strontium are easily collected by xanthate and black medicine, and can also be floated by hydrocarbon oil. The stibnite is not inhibited by cyanide. When it is separated from minerals such as iron sulfide, copper and arsenic, cyanide can be used to suppress other sulphide ore. The stibnite and galena are not easily separated, and are usually separated during the smelting process. Separation of stibnite from molybdenum ore uses sodium sulfide as an inhibitor of bismuth.
Since molybdenite and stibnite are similar in floatability, they are often selected as mixed concentrates in production and then separated. For example, a tungsten-molybdenum-niobium ore is first added with kerosene and ethyl sulfide as a collector for the full-floating sulfide ore. After the mixed sulfide ore concentrate is desorbed by activated carbon, cyanide and zinc sulfate are added to inhibit other sulfide ore and float out of molybdenum and bismuth. When the molybdenum-niobium mixed concentrate is separated, sodium sulfide is added as an inhibitor of bismuth, and kerosene is used to float molybdenum. The ore contains Mo 0.13%, Bi 0.114%, molybdenum concentrate contains Mo45.95%, and the recovery rate is 85.74%; bismuth concentrate contains 18.53%, and the recovery rate is 68.59%. [next
    4 mercuric sulfide mine
Cinnabar HgS, containing 86.2% Hg, is the main mercury sulfide mineral. Cinnabar is easily collected by xanthate collectors, and lime and cyanide hardly inhibit cinnabar. In production practice, copper sulphate is sometimes added as an activator.
Mercury ore with a higher grade can be directly smelted. Flotation ore generally only deals with low grade ores. At present, ore with an ore grade of about 0.08% has been processed. As a medicinal cinnabar, not only requires high grade (HgS> 96%), but also can not be contaminated, so it does not need flotation, and is generally selected by re-election method.
A mercury mine is a low-temperature hydrothermal layered mercury mine. The main mineral is cinnabar. The associated minerals are pyrite, sphalerite, and natural mercury. The gangue is silicified dolomite , which is dominated by dolomite, quartz and calcite. The production process is the heavy-floating combined process shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Heavy-floating combined process of a mercury mine
After the original ore is crushed to 25mm, a part of it is sorted by a shaker to obtain a cinnabar concentrate. The shaker tailings are combined with another part of the ore: after grinding to 60%-0.074mm, it is floated.
During flotation, copper sulphate (300g/t) was used as activator, and crude sulphate (285~300g/t) was used as collector. Emu oil (600g/t) was used as foaming agent. (20g/t); when the ore grade is 0.18%, the mercury concentrate is obtained with Hg17.5 %, and the recovery rate is 95.74%.

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