At present, mainly in the domestic mining automation to intelligent transition phase, and some foreign mining has achieved no mines, such as Sweden's Kiruna iron ore, today will take you to understand the world's largest underground iron ore mine in Kiruna intelligent mining technology.
1. Kiruna Iron Mine
Located in northern Sweden, the Kiruna iron mine is 200km deep into the Arctic Circle. It is one of the most latitudinal mineral bases in the world. Over half of the year, it is covered by heavy snow and is extremely cold. At the same time, Kiruna Iron Mine is famous for producing high-grade iron ore. Its iron ore reserves are about 1.8 billion tons. The underground mine roadway is wide and the mining equipment is very advanced. It is one of the largest iron mines in the world.
The annual production capacity of the original mine of Kiruna Iron Mine is 22 million tons. It is mined by high-segmented pillarless caving mining method. The shaft ramp is jointly developed. It is one of the largest underground mines in the world. There are more than 4,100 employees in the mine. . According to the mine production arrangement, it is planned to complete the system transformation and capacity increase by 2018, and the production capacity of 3500-40 million tons will be realized by then.
Second, intelligent and efficient mining technology
1. Develop
The Kiruna Iron Mine is jointly developed with shafts + ramps. The mine has three shafts for the upgrading of ventilation, ore and waste rock. Personnel, equipment and materials are mainly transported from the ramp by trackless equipment. The main lifting shaft is located in the lower part of the ore body. So far, the mining face and main transportation system have been moved down 6 times. The current main transportation level is at 1045m.
The main slope is located in the lower part of the northern part of the ore body. The pit is near the industrial site with an elevation of +230m. In the inlet section, it is a single lane and a double lane. When it extends to 420m, it merges into a two-lane single lane ramp. The form is extended downwards to connect with various production levels and auxiliary levels. The slope of the slope is 1:10, and the roadway is partially supported by spray anchor nets, and the road surface is hardened.
2. Mining
In 1965, after the Kiruna Iron Mine was transferred from open pit to underground mining, it has been exploited by a large-scale sessile-free sublevel caving method and has been used until now. The segment height is generally 50-55 m.
Sublevel caving mining method
The safe and efficient mining of Kiruna Iron Mine for many years has benefited from the successful application of the sublevel caving method. The advantages of this mining method are:
(1) Conducive to large-scale, mechanized and high-strength mining;
(2) The underground work site is relatively safe;
(3) The mining process is flexible, the mining work surface is easy to adjust flexibly, and multiple working surfaces can be recovered at the same time;
(4) The mining process is simple, and the production equipment and mining processes can be standardized.
The shortcomings and shortcomings are mainly due to the depletion of ore, and the operation of the bottom of the stope, which is mostly operated in a single lane, which is difficult to ventilate.
The mining process flow from underground mining, mining, drilling, blasting, mining, loading and unloading, transportation, unloading to mining, belt transportation to bucket, shaft lifting, and ore finished product transportation is shown below.
Figure 2 Mining process
3. Drilling charge and blasting
The roadway tunneling adopts a rock drilling trolley, and the trolley is equipped with a three-dimensional electronic measuring instrument, which can accurately position the drilling hole. 5米的å”å”为64mm。 The roadway boring is a deep hole boring, the hole depth is generally 7. 5m, the aperture is 64mm. The stop rock is made by the SimbaW469 remote-controlled rock drilling rig from Atlas, Sweden. The hole diameter is 115mm and the maximum hole depth is 55m. The car is accurately positioned by laser system, and it is unmanned and can be continuously cycled for 24 hours.
Large diameter (115mm) deep hole (40~50m) in the stope. The charging trolley of Sandvik is used. The explosive is a kind of emulsion explosive with good water resistance and high viscosity. It can be pre-charged without water in the hole. The effect is less. The blasting network is manually connected, and the segmented detonating tube detonator, detonating tube and detonating cord network are generally used.
4. Ore remote loading and transportation and upgrading
The rock drilling, shipment and lifting of the Kiruna iron ore site have been intelligent and automated, and the rock drilling rigs and scrapers have been unmanned. The ore is loaded with the Toro2500E remote-controlled scraper produced by Atlas. The bucket capacity is 25t, the efficiency of a single unit is 500t/h, and the average weekly mining volume is about 3.0~3 million tons. This type of scraper has no exhaust emission, less dust, low noise and long service life, which is convenient for centralized maintenance.
The underground transportation system has two types: tape transportation and automatic rail transportation. The belt transportation is mainly responsible for the transportation from the underground crushing station to the lifting bucket. The automatic rail transportation is generally composed of 8 trains. The mining vehicle is the automation of continuous loading and unloading. Bottom dump truck.
The belt conveyor automatically transports the ore from the crushing station to the metering device. After the shaft bucket is stopped at the designated position, the ore is automatically loaded into the bucket, and the staff presses the handle lifter to start immediately, and the bucket is lifted to the surface unloading station. After that, the bottom door of the bucket automatically opens to complete the unloading. The loading and unloading process is remote control.
In 2010, in order to increase production and improve equipment reliability and efficiency, the mine has undergone a major transformation of the lifting system, and the hydraulic disc brakes for parking and emergency braking have been overhauled and new sensors have been installed. Through technological transformation, the system has been upgraded to be intelligent.
Third, remote control ç ¼ jet technology support reinforcement technology
The roadway support is supported by spray anchor nets. The thickness of the shotcrete is generally 3-10mm, which is completed by the remote-controlled concrete jet machine. The anchor rod and the steel mesh are installed using the bolt trolley. The use of a large number of intelligent remote control mechanical equipment has greatly reduced the workload and cost of support, and improved the support effect.
Remote control concrete jet
Anchor and mesh installation
Fourth, summary
The Kiruna Iron Mine has basically realized “unmanned intelligent miningâ€, relying on remote computer centralized control systems, and workers and managers can perform on-site operations in remote locations. In the downhole working surface, except for the maintenance workers in the overhaul, almost other workers were seen. All of this is due to the large-scale mechanical equipment, the use of intelligent remote control systems, and modern management systems. Highly automated and intelligent mining systems and equipment are the key to ensuring safe and efficient mining.
Under the new normal, we should stand at a new height, explore and develop new technologies, and efficiently develop and utilize limited mineral resources. There is a long way to go!
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