On December 26, 2014, American electric car manufacturer Tesla announced an upgraded version of Roadster , the first-generation model that was discontinued two years ago . Its cruising range reached 644 kilometers, which is 60% higher than the original version.
Advances in battery technology have improved the performance of Tesla products. Previously, Roadster's mileage was 393 kilometers. Tesla CEO Musk stated that Tesla's high-performance graphene battery has grown by nearly 70% compared to current capacity.
Ten years after the British scientists invented graphene, they made a huge breakthrough in the application of the battery. In early December 2014, Western media reported that graphene batteries developed by Graphenano of Spain and the University of Colva, Spain, can be recharged in only 8 minutes at a time and can travel 1,000 kilometers. It is called "super battery" by graphene researchers.
“We are still understanding the situation and we are trying to verify the specific situation of this kind of battery in Spain. If this is confirmed, it is indeed a revolutionary change.†Li Yichun, secretary general of the China Graphene Industry Technology Strategic Alliance, told reporters.
Spain's "super battery" will soon be applied to cars like Tesla. According to Western media reports, its owner conducted tests on German auto giants' cars in December and produced them in the first quarter of 2015. Listing use.
　　 Graphene charging time close to refueling
At present, power batteries used by global automobile manufacturers mainly use lithium batteries, nickel-cobalt-aluminum-oxide batteries represented by Tesla (lithium cobaltate batteries), lithium iron phosphate batteries represented by BYD, and vehicles represented by Japanese automobiles. Lithium Manganese Battery.
These three types of batteries have the highest energy density of lithium cobalt oxide batteries, but they are also the most unstable at high temperatures; lithium iron phosphate batteries are the most stable but have the lowest energy density.
Lithium-ion battery technology has been quiet for 20 years without major technological innovations. One expert who studies power batteries claims that the biggest obstacle is that lithium-ion batteries have limited power density, and their large amounts of energy cannot be quickly received or released.
Tesla upgraded version of the Roadster 3.0 uses a modified lithium battery, Tesla did not confirm the addition of graphene. However, its performance has greatly improved, I am afraid that only graphene can do it. The capacity of the newly improved 18650 lithium battery has been greatly increased, and the number of 6831 battery packs has not increased, but the total battery pack capacity has increased from 53kWh to 70kWh.
According to an expert who was interviewed, the structure of graphene can change the barriers for long-term breakthroughs in lithium battery technology. The internal structure of the graphene sheet is spaced apart to allow more electrolyte to "wet" and the lithium ions in the lithium-ion battery achieve high-rate channel performance.
“Graphene is characterized by its high electrical conductivity and good electrical conductivity. Many studies are currently underway. It is difficult to say which one is specific, but it is certain to shorten the charging time,†said Li Yichun. According to researchers at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in the United States, graphene anode materials charge or discharge 10 times faster than the graphite anodes currently used in lithium-ion batteries.
According to the data from the Spanish agency mentioned above, graphene may also significantly increase the capacity of batteries. The “Super Battery†parameter shows that its energy density exceeds 600 wh/kg, which is five times that of current lithium-ion batteries; its service life is twice that of current lithium batteries; its cost will be 77% lower than current lithium batteries.
Lithium batteries traditional manufacturing powerhouses are Japan and South Korea. They are also looting technology opportunities on graphene batteries. South Korean scientists announced as early as last November that the latest invented graphene super mobile phone batteries can be stored with the same amount of traditional batteries. Electricity, but charging time is only 16 seconds.
Japan implements two parallel approaches in battery technology. In addition to developing lithium batteries in the ordinary sense, they also study fuel cell technology and use special graphene materials instead of platinum as catalysts to produce the hydrogen fuel needed for fuel cell vehicles. breakthrough.
　　 At present, the study of graphene is divided into two parts:
The first is to apply it on traditional lithium batteries in order to improve and improve the performance of lithium batteries. Such batteries will not have disruptive effects.
The second is based on the graphene manufacturing a new system of batteries, it is a new series, in the performance is subversive, called "super battery."
　　 China Production Graphene Lithium Battery in 2015
The promotion of new energy vehicles in China lasted for five years but the results were not satisfactory. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, in the first 11 months of 2014, the cumulative production of new energy vehicles in China was 56,700 vehicles. There is a huge gap between the cumulative production and sales volume of pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles in 2015 and reaching 500,000 vehicles.
　　 The main reason for the difficulty of marketization lies in the convenience of use: First, the mileage is low, and consumers generally have mileage anxiety. Second, the charging facilities are not perfect, and charging is inconvenient.
In traditional solutions, car companies adopt the first to promote hybrid vehicles to reduce mileage anxiety. Consumers can choose to use oil or electricity according to the actual situation; from another perspective, the state encourages the construction of charging stations and charging piles on a large scale to ease charging. difficult.
The advent of graphene super batteries may completely change the existing charging problem. The cruising mileage has doubled, and mileage anxiety on long-distance travel may be completely broken. Taking Spain's super battery as an example, the 1,000 kilometers of cruising range is almost close to the straight line distance from Beijing to Shanghai, far beyond the distance traveled by a box of oil in traditional cars.
The graphene charging speed can be increased, which can reduce the charging time, and can largely reduce the demand for charging stations and charging piles. Taking the Tesla Model S85, which is currently the world’s leading company, as an example, it is charged through a high-powered super charging station, and it takes 80 minutes to be full. The charging time of vehicle owners is still a torment.
"Super battery 10 minutes of charging time, a little longer than the extra time, but the mileage is much longer than a box of oil, consumers will not complain again." An automobile industry analysts said.
At present, hybrid electric vehicles are considered to be the best products on the market suitable for the transition from fuel vehicles to electric vehicles, and this transitional period may be as long as 15-20 years, but advances in battery materials may reverse this kind of prediction. Even the popularity of pure electric vehicles may not take so long.
　　 Once the "super battery" is applied to electric vehicles on a large scale, it will be disruptive to the entire industry. "Some hundred years of car prices may decline without this technology, and some car companies with only a dozen or twenty years may become new giants because they master new material technologies."
Li Yichun said that the current domestic research on graphene batteries has progressed smoothly. Some university R&D teams and Shenzhen enterprises have cooperated and the research has entered the pilot stage. “It is expected that mass production will be possible in the first half of 2015, and there will be a lot of performance. For example, you can increase the number of charge and discharge times of a lithium battery and increase battery safety without increasing the cost."
China's graphene industry technology strategic alliance has reported several graphene R&D demonstration bases to various ministries and commissions in 2013. Wuxi, Chongqing, Nanjing, Qingdao and Changzhou have all established graphene industry demonstration bases. In December 2014, President Xi Jinping went to Jiangsu High-tech Industry Research Institute to research and develop graphene R&D and product display.
However, according to graphene battery researchers, currently the main research in China is the application of graphene to lithium batteries, rather than a new system of “super batteriesâ€, so domestic technology and super batteries have a certain gap. Relevant state departments attach great importance to this, and the “13th Five-Year Plan†new material plan issued in 2015 may include graphene.
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