Nickel sulfide ore generally contain copper, but each place of origin because of the different mineralization important tasks, content is very different, such as the Canadian Thompson ore, copper-nickel mine in Western Australia is very low. Nickel-copper ratio of (10 to 13) :1, while the ratio of nickel to copper in the Sadbury mine in Canada reached 1:1. The Norrsk mine in Russia and the Kalatongke mine in Xinjiang, China have much higher copper content than nickel. Most of the nickel sulfide ore in the nickel-copper ratio of 1: (0.3 to 0.8), thus, nickel sulfide ore metallurgy have a copper, nickel separation problems. The International Nickel Company's Tongya Smelter has been using the ore-nickel-copper sorting process before 1994. After 1994, it used high-nickel bismuth-copper-nickel separation technology. Therefore, the world's nickel-nickel ore extraction metallurgical nickel-copper separation is basically based on high nickel bismuth.
The separation of copper and nickel in high nickel bismuth is a necessary process for further extracting nickel from high nickel. However, it is difficult to separate nickel from copper by pyrometallurgy. Only invented the copper-nickel separation technique, such as the Mond method (the carbonyl method, invented by the British Mond et al in 1889), the Ortite method. (ie, the layered smelting method invented by Ordt Copper in the United States in 1890), etc., began to produce foreign materials from sulfide ore in large scale. These technologies have been the key to the production of nickel sulfide ore for many years, in fact, layered melting method. In Canada, the separation and refining technology from nickel sulphide anodic electrolysis, carbonyl method, oxygen leaching-electrowinning method, crude nickel electrorefining method, sulfuric acid leaching-electrowinning method, pressurized ammonia leaching-hydrogen reduction method, etc. will be given in chapters. Introduction. This chapter only discusses the separation of copper and nickel from high nickel niobium.
This is a separation process from nickel ruthenium that was developed in the 1940s. Because of its low cost and high efficiency, it has been favored by the world and has become the most important high-nickel bismuth copper-nickel separation method. The theoretical basis is that when high nickel bismuth is poured out from the converter, the temperature cap 1205 During the °C to 927 °C, copper, nickel and niobium are not completely mixed in the melt. When the temperature was lowered to 920 ℃ copper sulphide (Cu 2 S) First crystallization, further cooled to 800 deg.] C, the platinum group metal collector - copper-iron-nickel alloy crystals began to precipitate. The crystallization temperature of β-Ni 3 S 2 is 725 ° C, and most of it crystallizes at 575 ° C at the eutectic point (ie, the lowest temperature at which all liquid phases are fully solidified), so it is always distributed as a bottom mineral in the form of a filling. In the dendritic copper ore, the β-Ni 3 S 2 phase contains about 6% copper. The solid high nickel ruthenium continued to cool to a eutectic temperature of 520 °C. The Cu 2 S and alloy phases diffuse out of the solid Ni 3 S 2 , wherein the solubility of copper decreases to about 2.5%, and the dissolution of copper in 390 ° C Ni 3 S 2 is less than 0.5%. At this temperature, There is a clear appearance of the occurrence of the image. At this time, the particle size of the Cu 2 S crystal has reached several hundred μm, and the crystal crystal formed by the eutectic disappears completely, leaving only a large Cu 2 S crystal which is easily dissociated and can be easily selected by an ordinary method. The alloy grows up to 250μm, generally 50-200μm, and the degree of self-formed crystal is better. Most of the light-sheets are self-shaped hexahedrons or octahedrons. They are in the form of equal grains, the periphery is flat, and the monomer is easily dissociated. It is malleable and ferromagnetic and can be recycled by magnetic separation.
The separation of copper and nickel in high nickel bismuth is a necessary process for further extracting nickel from high nickel. However, it is difficult to separate nickel from copper by pyrometallurgy. Only invented the copper-nickel separation technique, such as the Mond method (the carbonyl method, invented by the British Mond et al in 1889), the Ortite method. (ie, the layered smelting method invented by Ordt Copper in the United States in 1890), etc., began to produce foreign materials from sulfide ore in large scale. These technologies have been the key to the production of nickel sulfide ore for many years, in fact, layered melting method. In Canada, the separation and refining technology from nickel sulphide anodic electrolysis, carbonyl method, oxygen leaching-electrowinning method, crude nickel electrorefining method, sulfuric acid leaching-electrowinning method, pressurized ammonia leaching-hydrogen reduction method, etc. will be given in chapters. Introduction. This chapter only discusses the separation of copper and nickel from high nickel niobium.
This is a separation process from nickel ruthenium that was developed in the 1940s. Because of its low cost and high efficiency, it has been favored by the world and has become the most important high-nickel bismuth copper-nickel separation method. The theoretical basis is that when high nickel bismuth is poured out from the converter, the temperature cap 1205 During the °C to 927 °C, copper, nickel and niobium are not completely mixed in the melt. When the temperature was lowered to 920 ℃ copper sulphide (Cu 2 S) First crystallization, further cooled to 800 deg.] C, the platinum group metal collector - copper-iron-nickel alloy crystals began to precipitate. The crystallization temperature of β-Ni 3 S 2 is 725 ° C, and most of it crystallizes at 575 ° C at the eutectic point (ie, the lowest temperature at which all liquid phases are fully solidified), so it is always distributed as a bottom mineral in the form of a filling. In the dendritic copper ore, the β-Ni 3 S 2 phase contains about 6% copper. The solid high nickel ruthenium continued to cool to a eutectic temperature of 520 °C. The Cu 2 S and alloy phases diffuse out of the solid Ni 3 S 2 , wherein the solubility of copper decreases to about 2.5%, and the dissolution of copper in 390 ° C Ni 3 S 2 is less than 0.5%. At this temperature, There is a clear appearance of the occurrence of the image. At this time, the particle size of the Cu 2 S crystal has reached several hundred μm, and the crystal crystal formed by the eutectic disappears completely, leaving only a large Cu 2 S crystal which is easily dissociated and can be easily selected by an ordinary method. The alloy grows up to 250μm, generally 50-200μm, and the degree of self-formed crystal is better. Most of the light-sheets are self-shaped hexahedrons or octahedrons. They are in the form of equal grains, the periphery is flat, and the monomer is easily dissociated. It is malleable and ferromagnetic and can be recycled by magnetic separation.
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