Regarding the performance parameters of the engine, a series of terms such as torque, horsepower, power and gas distribution structure will be seen in the vehicle configuration table. These parameters determine the basic size and basic performance of the engine, but most people do not Clearly what they represent, then I will introduce six important parameters for automotive engines.
First, the maximum power - horsepower
The maximum speed at which the engine emits maximum power, theoretically the higher the speed at which the maximum power occurs, the more power the engine can sustainably press. For example, 210 horsepower/5400 rpm means that the engine reaches its maximum power of 210 hp at 5,400 rpm. Whether it is a turbocharged or naturally aspirated engine, it requires a higher speed to reach its maximum power, so for a family car, as long as you are willing to give the oil can maintain a strong power output, it is costly.
Second, the maximum torque - cattle meters
We can understand the size of this engine's power, such as twisting a wrench, playing a direction, and how much power it takes. You can basically understand it. It determines the car's starting acceleration time, which is what we usually refer to as explosive force. The bigger the torque, the faster the car starts accelerating and the shorter it takes to accelerate to the specified speed. For example, 400 Nm/3000 rpm means the maximum torque of 400 Nm that reaches the torque output when the engine reaches 3000 revolutions per minute.
Third, the displacement - rise
In fact, the displacement can be understood as the lung capacity of the engine, how much gas is sucked, and the car's computer automatically controls how much oil is sprayed and how much work is done. Therefore, although large displacement is not necessarily powerful, it can still tell you its capabilities.
Displacement can be said to be one of the most important parameters of the engine. It is directly related to many technical indicators of the engine. Generally speaking, in the respective categories of naturally aspirated and supercharged engines, the displacement and power are proportional, and the displacement is also proportional to fuel consumption and carbon emissions, but this is not absolute. For example, a 1.6L natural-intake engine today can be compared with 1.8L or even 2.0L engine power several years ago, and fuel economy is even better. This is the result of technological development.
Fourth, the number of cylinders - a
The number of cylinders commonly used in automobile engines is 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 16 cylinders. The general family car engine uses 4 cylinders mostly, the price is more than 200,000. More than 6-cylinder models are priced at more than 200,000 yuan. The 8-cylinder or even more-cylinder engine is used by medium to large luxury cars and supercars. Among them, the Bugatti Veyron with 1,001 horsepower is a representative model of the 16-cylinder engine. In general, under the same bore, the more cylinders, the higher the displacement, the higher the power, that is, the higher the highest speed. In the same displacement, the more the number of cylinders, the smaller the bore, the higher the speed, the greater the torque, that is, the faster the acceleration.
Fifth, the number of valves - a
Refers to the intake and exhaust valves of the cylinder. The intake valve directly connected to the intake manifold is the inlet for the engine to draw in the mixture (or fresh air); the exhaust valve is connected to the exhaust manifold and is the outlet for the engine to discharge the combustion exhaust gas.
The number of valves per cylinder refers to the number of valves per cylinder of the engine. There are two valves, three valves, four valves, five valves, and even six valves. The greater the number of valves, the better the intake and exhaust efficiency. Just like a person running, when you are tired and breathless, you need to open your mouth to breathe. However, the more complex the valve mechanism, the longer the life of the engine. Looking at the intake and exhaust efficiency and the complexity of the structure, the four-valve technology is currently the most efficient and widely used.
Six, compression ratio
Simply put, there is a piston in the cylinder of the engine that performs linear reciprocating motions and cycles continuously. There is a certain range of movement within the cycle of continuous and continuous work. The greater the compression ratio, the better the engine's combustion work, but it is also more prone to deflagration, requiring the use of high-grade gasoline. Because the diesel fuel supply mode and combustion characteristics are different from those of the gasoline engine, the compression ratio of the diesel engine is generally larger than that of the gasoline engine.
The normal working temperature of the engine is designed between 80-110°C. A too high compression ratio may cause spontaneous combustion and pre-combustion of gasoline, which may cause knocking, making the engine weak and damaging mechanical components. Therefore, it is important to maintain the normal operating temperature of the engine while increasing the compression ratio. The higher the compression ratio means the greater the power of the engine. Today, the mainstream self-priming engine compression ratio is close to 10:1, and Mazda's Chuangchi blue sky engine will achieve a compression ratio of 13:1, which is already quite powerful.
It is known that when the compression ratio of the engine cylinder is high, the temperature of the combustion is relatively high, and the content of nitrogen oxides in the discharged exhaust gas also increases, which may cause pollution. How to achieve the best balance between power and environmental protection is also a research topic of today's engine technology.
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