Rare Earth Industry Returns to Rational Development Track

In recent years, the rare earth industry has become a critical sector in the global economy due to its strategic importance and unique properties. The challenge lies in maximizing resource utilization, stabilizing prices from low levels to reasonable ranges, and fostering sustainable development of the entire industrial chain. To explore these issues, a reporter conducted interviews with industry experts and officials. From the perspective of raw materials, the supply of rare earth resources is expected to remain tight in the coming years. This is largely due to China's stringent policies aimed at protecting and managing rare earth resources. In recent years, the government has implemented strict regulations, including mandatory production quotas for rare earth minerals and smelting products. These measures are part of a broader strategy to control overexploitation and ensure long-term sustainability. Additionally, export tariffs on rare earth products have been increased multiple times, which has significantly reduced exports and helped protect domestic resources. As a result, the era of cheap rare earths is ending, and companies are gaining more pricing power. On the consumption side, demand for rare earths is expected to continue growing. Experts predict that the expansion of new materials industries globally will drive increased usage. Currently, China accounts for about 50% of global rare earth consumption, driven by both economic growth and industrial transfer. Applications in sectors like electronics, petrochemicals, and metallurgy are expanding, with neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnets expected to grow at an average annual rate of over 20%. By 2010, China's NdFeB output could reach 80,000 to 100,000 tons, further boosting demand for rare earth metals such as lanthanum and niobium. Regarding pricing, industry experts believe that rare earth prices will stabilize within a reasonable range rather than remaining high or returning to previous low levels. This is influenced by several factors: tighter supply due to policy controls, rising production costs, and increased environmental compliance. Additionally, global trends in non-ferrous metal prices also contribute to price stability. As the global rare earth industry becomes more rational and competitive, prices are expected to reflect true value without excessive volatility. According to Professor Zhao Zengyi, this shift presents a positive opportunity for China. It allows for more sustainable mining practices, reduces environmental damage, and extends the lifespan of rare earth reserves. Furthermore, as other countries develop their own rare earth industries, global supply will diversify, leading to more balanced and stable pricing. This will benefit downstream manufacturers and support the long-term growth of the rare earth industrial chain. In the future, China must balance maximizing resource value with avoiding the negative impacts of excessively high prices.

Black Chalkboard Steel

Blackboards are an essential tool in many classrooms, providing a surface for teachers to write notes, equations, and other information for students to see. While the use of blackboards has been largely replaced by digital whiteboards and other high-tech tools in some schools, they are still a common and effective teaching aid in many parts of the world.

As I mentioned earlier, blackboards are typically made from synthetic materials like porcelain enamel or laminate, which are more durable and easier to clean than stone. Steel is sometimes used as a base material for blackboards, but it is coated with a layer of porcelain enamel to create a smooth, non-porous writing surface.

Porcelain enamel is a type of glass that is fused onto the steel surface at high temperatures. This creates a hard, smooth surface that is resistant to scratches, stains, and other types of damage. The porcelain enamel coating also gives the blackboard its characteristic dark color, which provides a high contrast for writing with chalk or markers.

In addition to the traditional blackboard, there are also other types of writing surfaces used in classrooms, such as whiteboards, smartboards, and chalkboards. These surfaces may be made from a variety of materials, including glass, enamel, and plastic, and they may be electronic or non-electronic.

Overall, the use of blackboards and other writing surfaces in schools has evolved over time, but they remain an important part of the classroom experience for many students and teachers.

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