An overflow throttle valve is also a type of pressure-compensated flow control valve, designed to maintain a stable flow rate despite variations in load. It consists of a relief valve (valve 3) and a throttle valve (valve 2) connected in parallel. High-pressure oil from the pump enters the system at pressure p1. Part of this oil passes through the throttle valve 2 to the actuator, where it experiences a pressure drop to p2. The remaining portion flows through the relief valve 3 and is directed back to the tank.
The relief valve is connected between the pressure before and after the throttle valve, meaning it senses both p1 and p2. When the outlet pressure p2 rises due to increased load, the spool of the relief valve moves downward, reducing the size of the overflow port. This increases the resistance to flow, which in turn causes the inlet pressure p1 to rise slightly. As a result, the pressure difference across the throttle valve (p1 - p2) remains relatively constant. This ensures that the flow through the throttle valve is largely unaffected by changes in the load, making it highly stable.
Unlike speed control valves, which typically require a separate pressure source, the relief valve in an overflow throttle system must be connected to the intake side of the actuator. This configuration allows the pump outlet pressure (which is also the inlet pressure of the overflow throttle, p1) to vary in response to the load pressure p2. Because of this dynamic relationship, the system functions as a transformer, efficiently matching the pump output to the actual demand. This leads to better energy efficiency and reduced heat generation in the hydraulic system. Overall, the overflow throttle valve provides a reliable and efficient method of flow control in hydraulic applications.
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